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Termites are far not as likely to be assaulted by parasites than bees, wasps and ants, as they are generally well protected in their own mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by many different parasites. A few of these include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and also a large number of nematode parasites. Many nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only occurs when a colony is under great anxiety. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behavior depends on the form of termite. By way of example, certain species feed on the wood constructions they inhabit, and many others harvest food that's near the nest.132 Most employees are rarely found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food sourcethey communicate with other soldiers and a small force of employees starts to emerge. In the second phase, employees appear in large numbers at the site. The next phase is marked by a decrease in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of employees.136 Isolated researchers may engage in Lvy flight behaviour as an optimised strategy for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies always ends in agonistic behaviour towards one another, resulting in fights. These struggles can cause mortality on both sides and, in some situations, the gain or loss of territory.138139"Cemetery pits" may be present, where the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies show that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, a few of the termites deliberately block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from other colonies found in exploratory tunnels leads to the isolation of the area and thus the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two competitors does not necessarily happen.
Since C. formosanus colonies can get into physical conflict, a few termites squeeze closely into foraging tunnels and perish, effectively blocking the tunnel and ending all agonistic activities.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens may compete with one another to become the dominant queen look at these guys when there are no primary reproductives. This battle among the queens leads to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, together with the king, accepts over the colony.145
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Ants and termites may compete with each other for nesting space. In specific, ants that prey on termites usually have a negative impact on arboreal nesting species.146
Most termites are blind, therefore communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These methods of communication are used in a variety of tasks, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, and locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common method of communicating is through antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (that can be transmitted when workers are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alarm, path and sex pheromones.
Route pheromones are secreted in the sternal gland, and sex pheromones derive from two glandular sources: the sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites head out to search for food, they forage in columns along the ground throughout vegetation. A path can be identified from the faecal deposits or runways which are covered by items.
When termites construct their nests, they utilize predominantly indirect communication. No single termite are in charge of any specific construction project. Individual termites react rather than think, but at a set level, http://www.innovativepestcontroladelaide.com.au/ they display a type of collective cognition. Specific structures or other items like pellets of columns or soil cause termites to begin building.
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The result is a self-organised process whereby the information that directs termite activity results from changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through chemical communication and gut symbionts: chemicals consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is Due to genetic and environmental factors such as the termites' diet andThe composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been breached or is being assaulted by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Additional methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.