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Termites are not as likely to be attacked by fleas than bees, wasps and ants, as they're generally well protected in their mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by many different parasites. Some of these include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and also a high number of nematode parasites. Most nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; many others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only takes place when a colony is under great anxiety. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behaviour depends on the form of termite. For instance, certain species feed on the wood constructions they inhabit, and others harvest food that's near the nest.132 Most workers are rarely found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food sourcethey communicate with other soldiers and a small force of workers starts to emerge. In the second phase, workers appear in large numbers in the site. The third stage is marked by a drop in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of workers.136 Isolated termite workers may engage in Lvy flight behaviour as an optimised strategy for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies always results in agonistic behaviour towards one another, resulting in fights. These fights can lead to mortality on either side and, in some cases, the gain or reduction of territory.138139"Cemetery pits" could be present, in which the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies indicate that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, a few of the termites intentionally block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead look at here now termites from different colonies found in exploratory tunnels leads to the isolation of the area and thus the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two competitors does not necessarily occur.
Since C. formosanus colonies may get into physical conflict, some termites squeeze closely into foraging tunnels and die, successfully blocking the tunnel and ending all agonistic activities.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens can compete with each other to be the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This struggle among the queens contributes to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, with all the king, takes over the colony.145
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Ants and termites may compete with each other for nesting space. In particular, ants that prey on termites usually have a negative effect on arboreal nesting species.146
Most termites are blind, therefore communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These methods of communication are employed in an assortment of tasks, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, and locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common way of communicating is through antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (which like this can be transmitted when employees are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alarm, path and sex pheromones.
Trail pheromones are secreted in the sternal gland, and gender pheromones derive from two glandular resources: the sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites go out to look for meals, they forage in columns along the ground through vegetation. A path can be identified from the faecal deposits or runways which are covered by objects.
When termites construct their nests, they utilize predominantly indirect communication. No single termite would be in charge of any specific construction project. Individual termites respond rather than think, however at a group level, they display a type of collective cognition. Specific structures or other items such as pellets of columns or soil cause termites to start building.
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The result is a self-organised process whereby the information that sends termite activity results from changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: chemicals consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle permit the recognition look what i found of alien species.148149 Each colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is Due to genetic and environmental factors like the termites' diet andThe composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely on alert communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been broken or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.